Which two hormones are identified as enhancers of muscle tissue growth?

Which two hormones are identified as enhancers of muscle tissue growth?

• A. Growth Hormone and IGF-1
• B. Growth Hormone and Cortisol
• C. IGF-1 and Progesterone
• D. Testosterone and IGF-1

Answer: (A)

Muscle growth is driven by hormones that boost protein synthesis and the ability of muscle cells to grow and repair. Growth hormone sets the stage by stimulating the production of IGF-1 in liver and muscle. IGF-1 then acts directly on muscle tissue to increase protein synthesis and promote the activation and fusion of satellite cells, which are essential for growth and repair of muscle fibers. The combination of these two hormones—a hormone that raises IGF-1 levels and IGF-1 itself acting on muscle—constitutes a powerful, well-established pathway for muscle hypertrophy. Cortisol, in contrast, tends to promote protein breakdown and counteracts growth; progesterone isn’t a primary driver of muscle growth in this context; and while testosterone also supports muscle development, the pairing described here most precisely captures the hormonal system that enhances muscle tissue growth through IGF-1 mediation.

Muscle growth is driven by hormones that boost protein synthesis and the ability of muscle cells to grow and repair. Growth hormone sets the stage by stimulating the production of IGF-1 in liver and muscle. IGF-1 then acts directly on muscle tissue to increase protein synthesis and promote the activation and fusion of satellite cells, which are essential for growth and repair of muscle fibers. The combination of these two hormones—a hormone that raises IGF-1 levels and IGF-1 itself acting on muscle—constitutes a powerful, well-established pathway for muscle hypertrophy.

Cortisol, in contrast, tends to promote protein breakdown and counteracts growth; progesterone isn’t a primary driver of muscle growth in this context; and while testosterone also supports muscle development, the pairing described here most precisely captures the hormonal system that enhances muscle tissue growth through IGF-1 mediation.